astrometry (January 5-11, 2014)
Astrometry is the branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. The information obtained by astrometric measurements provides information on the kinematics and physical origin of our Solar System and our galaxy, the Milky Way.
This tag doesn't yet exist, so it might be worth adding it beforehand, if this suggestion is accepted for a TOTW. But since we recently launched ESA's Gaia towards a Lissajous orbit at Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point and is tasked with mapping one billion stars of the Milky Way (only ~ ⅓%, but still a feat with no comparison if all goes well), measure precise distance to them and track their movement with two 1000 megapixel cameras that are precise enough to detect a Euro coin from the surface of the Earth if it was placed on the Moon, or resolve a human hair from 1000 kilometers away, I thought this topic might be interesting enough to a wider audience. ;)